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Hidden vape drugs could complicate anesthesia and recovery
Drug-laced vaping-implications and emerging perioperative challenges for the anesthesiologist: a narrative review.
AI Summary
Drug-laced vaping describes using vape devices to inhale psychoactive substances other than nicotine, including cannabinoids, stimulants, opioids, and benzodiazepines—sometimes unknowingly. For anesthesiologists, the main concern is that patients may not disclose exposure and routine toxicology tests may fail to detect newer substances such as synthetic cannabinoids. The review identifies three major perioperative risk patterns: airway and lung injury, cardiovascular or autonomic instability, and impaired consciousness with breathing problems. Chronic exposure to etomidate-laced products may also raise concern about adrenal suppression.
The authors recommend a practical approach based on targeted questions, assessment of the patient’s symptoms and physical signs, enhanced monitoring, and advance planning for escalation of care. However, direct evidence about drug-laced vaping during surgery is limited, and many recommendations rely on toxicology evidence and expert consensus rather than dedicated perioperative studies. For cannabis users, the findings reinforce the importance of telling healthcare professionals about all vaping products and substances used—especially before anesthesia—even when the product was believed to contain only cannabis.
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