What topics does this cannabis study cover?

This study covers research on: Mental Health.

Where was this research published?

Published in Lancet (London, England) on May 23, 2026.

Mental health crisis reaches historic levels worldwide, reshaping global health priorities

Q: What did this Review find?

This comprehensive global study reveals a **staggering rise in mental health disorders worldwide**, with **1.17 billion cases documented in 2023**—a **95.5% increase since 1990**. The analysis examined 12 major mental disorders including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and eating disorders acros

Updated trends in the global prevalence and burden of mental disorders, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Lancet (London, England) • May 23, 2026 • Review • Moderately Relevant

🤖

AI Summary

This comprehensive global study reveals a staggering rise in mental health disorders worldwide, with 1.17 billion cases documented in 2023—a 95.5% increase since 1990. The analysis examined 12 major mental disorders including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and eating disorders across 204 countries. Mental disorders have climbed from the 12th to the 5th leading cause of global health burden, now accounting for 6.1% of all disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). The burden is not evenly distributed: females experience significantly higher rates than males, and adolescents aged 15-19 are particularly affected.

The study identified anxiety disorders and major depression as the top contributors to this burden, ranking 11th and 15th respectively among all diseases globally. Notably, mental health burdens vary dramatically by country—from Vietnam at 1,302 cases per 100,000 population to the Netherlands at 3,556 per 100,000. The research emphasizes that all countries face increased mental health challenges regardless of their economic resources, challenging the assumption that wealthier nations have superior mental health outcomes. The data underscores a critical need for strengthened surveillance systems and coordinated global policy responses, particularly in lower-income countries where mental health infrastructure remains inadequate.

For cannabis researchers and users, these findings are highly relevant because they establish the significant global burden of the mental health conditions that cannabis is frequently used to self-treat, particularly anxiety and depression. Understanding this epidemiological context is essential for evaluating cannabis's potential therapeutic role and assessing whether current usage patterns align with evidence-based treatment approaches for these increasingly prevalent conditions.

📄 Original Abstract

The 2023 iteration of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) estimated prevalence, incidence, and health burden for 375 diseases and injuries, including 12 mental disorders. We assess past, current, and emerging trends in the prevalence and burden of mental disorders across sexes and age groups, for 21 regions, 204 countries and territories, and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, from 1990 to 2023. Mental disorders included in GBD 2023 were anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, conduct disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, idiopathic developmental intellectual disability, and a residual category of other mental disorders. A literature review identified epidemiological data for each disorder. These were analysed via a Bayesian meta-regression to estimate prevalence by disorder, sex, age, location, and year. Disorder-specific prevalence was multiplied by disability weights representing the severity of health loss associated with each disorder to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs). Deaths due to anorexia nervosa were assessed with a Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to estimate deaths by sex, age, location, and year, and then multiplied by the standard life expectancy at age of death to estimate years of life lost (YLLs). YLDs equalled disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for all mental disorders except anorexia nervosa (the only mental disorder considered as an underlying cause of death in GBD), for which DALYs represented the sum of YLDs and YLLs. We presented prevalence, deaths, YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs as counts, age-specific rates per 100 000 population, and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population. We estimated 1·17 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·06-1·31) prevalent cases of mental disorders globally in 2023, equivalent to an age-standardised prevalence rate of 14 210·7 cases (12 849·5-15 940·1) per 100 000 population. These estimates represented a 95·5% (75·0-121·2) increase in prevalent cases and 24·2% (11·4-41·4) increase in age-standardised prevalence rate between 1990 and 2023. All mental disorders showed increases in prevalent cases between 1990 and 2023, while notable increases were seen in age-standardised prevalence rates for anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, schizophrenia, and conduct disorder. There were an estimated 171 million (127-228) DALYs due to mental disorders globally across sex and age in 2023, equivalent to an age-standardised DALY rate of 2070·5 DALYs (1519·1-2750·5) per 100 000 population. Mental disorders contributed to 6·1% (4·8-7·6) of all-cause DALYs in 2023, making them the fifth leading cause of global DALYs (up from 12th in 1990). DALYs were almost entirely composed of YLDs. Mental disorders were the leading cause of YLDs in 2023 (up from second in 1990), explaining 17·3% (14·8-20·6) of all-cause global YLDs. Leading causes of mental disorder DALYs were anxiety disorders (ranked 11th among the 304 diseases and injuries at Level 4 of the GBD cause hierarchy), major depressive disorder (15th), and schizophrenia (41st). Globally in 2023, mental disorder age-standardised DALY rates were higher among females (2239·6 [1643·7-3014·1] per 100 000) than among males (1900·2 [1399·8-2510·8] per 100 000), and peaked in the 15-19 years age group (2617·3 [1850·6-3696·8] per 100 000). All locations showed increased mental disorder DALY rates in 2023 compared with 1990, ranging across countries and territories from 1302·4 (952·7-1683·7) per 100 000 in Viet Nam to 3555·8 (2661·9-4715·0) per 100 000 in the Netherlands. Across SDI quintiles, DALY rates ranged from 1853·0 (1352·1-2469·3) per 100 000 for middle SDI to 2184·1 (1606·1-2890·3) per 100 000 for high SDI. A significant health burden was imposed by mental disorders in all countries and territories in 2023, irrespective of the health resources available. In some instances, this burden has increased over time and is unevenly distributed across populations. Stronger surveillance systems, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, are required. Additionally, we need more coordinated and inclusive policies to reduce the burden through early treatment and prevention, tailored to sex and age differences across locations. Responding to the mental health needs of our global population, especially those most vulnerable, is an obligation, not a choice. Gates Foundation, Queensland Health, and University of Queensland.