Cannabis use may ease certain cognitive symptoms in bipolar disorder

Evidence for pro-cognitive benefits of cannabinoids in people with bipolar disorder.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology • • Highly Relevant
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AI Summary

This paper examined whether cannabis use is linked to cognitive performance in people with bipolar disorder (BD), focusing on temporal perception, attention, and inhibitory control. The researchers compared people with BD who did and did not use cannabis with healthy adults, using tests of timing and sustained attention. The abstract reports no quantitative results, but it states that people with BD who did not use cannabis had less precise timing and poorer task performance than the comparison groups.

In a separate randomized study, participants with BD who received THC showed faster timing than healthy participants who received placebo. Together, these findings support the possibility that cannabis use may reflect attempts to self-medicate cognitive symptoms in BD, although they do not establish that cannabis is a safe or effective treatment. The authors say future research should test whether cannabinoid-based treatments can improve cognitive deficits in BD under controlled conditions.

💡 Key Findings

1
People with bipolar disorder who did not use cannabis showed less precise timing than cannabis-using participants with BD and healthy comparison adults.
Good
70%
2
Cannabis-using participants with BD performed comparably to healthy adults on measures of temporal perception and sustained attention, unlike non-using participants with BD.
Good
70%
3
In the randomized acute-administration study, participants with BD who received THC showed faster timing than placebo-treated healthy participants.
High
80%
4
The findings support the possibility that cannabis use reflects self-medication attempts for cognitive symptoms in BD, but they do not prove that cannabis is an effective treatment.
Good
70%

📄 Original Abstract

Cannabis use is highly prevalent among people with bipolar disorder, potentially due to a desire to self-medicate against symptoms, such as racing thoughts and poor concentration. Such symptoms are associated with attention and inhibitory control deficits, functions that are regulated in-part by temporal perception. Temporal perception is impaired in BD and is slowed by acute cannabis exposure. The effects of cannabis use (CU) on temporal perception and its associated cognitive functions in people with BD remains unclear. Here, we conducted two studies to 1) test for associations between chronic CU and cognitive function (i.e., attention and inhibitory control) and temporal perception in people with BD and healthy comparison (HC) adults, and 2) investigate the impact of acute Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration on such functions in a randomized clinical trial in non-CU people with BD and HC adults. Participants completed the Temporal Discrimination Task (TDT) and 5-Choice Continuous Performance Task (5C-CPT). In the chronic CU study, we observed that non-CU BD participants had significantly less precise timing compared to other groups, whereas BD + CU participants had comparable TDT performance to non-CU HC participants. Similarly, BD + CU, but not non-CU BD, participants had comparable 5C-CPT performance to non-CU HC. In the acute THC administration study, we observed faster timing in BD participants administered THC compared to placebo-treated HC participants. These data support that CU in people with BD reflect attempts to self-medicate. Future research will investigate whether cannabinoid-based treatments can remediate cognitive deficits in BD.

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