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Germany's legal cannabis market succeeds with some users, but gaps remain
[Effects of the cannabis act on supply channels, attitudes, and perceptions of users].
AI Summary
Germany's Cannabis Act (CanG), which legalized cannabis in early 2024, has achieved partial success in shifting users from illegal to legal supply channels, according to a major survey of 11,471 cannabis users conducted between March and June 2025. The research found that adult cannabis users—particularly men and those in rural areas—have significantly increased their use of legal sources like home cultivation and pharmacy purchases since the law took effect. However, the transition to legal markets remains incomplete, with certain demographic groups facing substantial barriers to accessing legal cannabis, suggesting the law's intended goal of curbing the illegal market still has work to do.
The study reveals important demographic disparities in how different groups have benefited from legalization. Men and residents of major cities (especially Berlin and Hamburg) report the most positive perceptions of the law, yet paradoxically, urban populations face more barriers to legal access than rural communities. Most striking is the lack of change among adolescents, who continue relying on illegal sources at similar rates as before the law took effect. Women also show lower adoption of legal channels compared to men, indicating potential accessibility issues or other barriers specific to their experience in the legal market.
The research suggests that targeted policy interventions are needed to address barriers for underserved groups—adolescents, women, and urban populations—if Germany wants to further reduce dependence on illegal cannabis supply. The positive subjective perceptions of the law among those who have successfully transitioned to legal channels indicate strong potential for the market to expand, but gaps remain that policymakers must address to achieve the Cannabis Act's full public health objectives.
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